{"id":7320,"date":"2026-04-27T11:42:04","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T09:42:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/onlu.ch\/deliberation-instead-of-an-endless-loop\/"},"modified":"2026-04-27T11:42:32","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T09:42:32","slug":"deliberation-instead-of-an-endless-loop","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/onlu.ch\/en\/deliberation-instead-of-an-endless-loop\/","title":{"rendered":"Deliberation instead of an endless loop"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to break the deadlock in decision-making meetings &#8211; with J\u00fcrgen Habermas, Bowtie Analysis and decision-capable system architecture<\/h2>\n\n<p>Who doesn&#8217;t know this pattern?<\/p>\n\n<p>One important decision meeting follows the next. The same question is discussed again and again &#8211; only with slightly different participants, new slides and a fresh data point here and there. <\/p>\n\n<p>It is agreed that no agreement can be reached yet.<\/p>\n\n<p>So the circle is extended. Then it is reduced again. New perspectives are invited, old ones discarded. In the meantime, the mood shifts: sometimes option A seems sensible, then option B again.   <\/p>\n\n<p>The management looks at the discussion and sees one thing above all: uncertainty.<\/p>\n\n<p>The consequences are not clear. The arguments contradict each other. Every decision seems risky.  <\/p>\n\n<p>In the end, what happens in many organizations happens at some point:<\/p>\n\n<p>A word of power.<\/p>\n\n<p>The decision is formally made &#8211; but not in practice.<br\/>Because the organization does not support the decision.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The real problem: everyone is talking &#8211; but not about the same thing<\/h2>\n\n<p>What goes wrong here is rarely a lack of data or expertise.<\/p>\n\n<p>The problem is more subtle:<br\/>Everyone brings their own mental model to the discussion.<\/p>\n\n<p>For some, the issue is a technical risk.<br\/>For others, a business case.<br\/>For others, a political minefield.<br\/>For others, a question of compliance, architecture or delivery capability.<\/p>\n\n<p>And because these models are never made explicit, they appear to be discussing the same issue &#8211; but are actually discussing completely different realities.<\/p>\n\n<p>This is exactly where the endless loop arises.<\/p>\n\n<p>The discussion does not move forward because it has no common subject matter. It revolves around opinions, assumptions and gut feelings without these being able to be clearly located, verified or weighted. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 1: Create a common model &#8211; with Bowtie Analysis<\/h2>\n\n<p>Before you can have a meaningful discussion, you need a common thinking space.<\/p>\n\n<p>Bowtie analysis is an amazingly effective tool for this.<\/p>\n\n<p>Originating from risk management, Bowtie forces a group to visualize a risk in a structured way.<\/p>\n\n<p>In the middle is the central risk, for example:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>&#8220;We are making the wrong release decision.&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>To the left are possible causes:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Insufficient data<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Technical uncertainty<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Time pressure<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>contradictory requirements<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lack of test coverage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Unclear responsibilities<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>To the right are possible consequences:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Production problems<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Loss of sales<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reputational damage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Internal escalations<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Customer dissatisfaction<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Regulatory risks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>In between are barriers &#8211; in other words, everything that prevents or mitigates the risk:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Automated tests<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Feature Toggles<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rollback mechanisms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Monitoring<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Load tests<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Release processes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Technical limits<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Staggered rollouts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>The effect is immediate:<\/p>\n\n<p>Suddenly everyone is talking about the same picture.<\/p>\n\n<p>No longer via diffuse opinions, but via an explicit system of causes, risks, consequences and countermeasures.<\/p>\n\n<p>This is the first big step out of the endless loop.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 2: Structuring discussions &#8211; with Habermas<\/h2>\n\n<p>However, a model alone does not solve a problem.<br\/>It only makes the problem visible.<\/p>\n\n<p>A clean form of discussion is needed to turn visibility into a viable decision.<\/p>\n\n<p>This is where J\u00fcrgen Habermas becomes interesting.<\/p>\n\n<p>Habermas&#8217; theory of communicative action describes communication not simply as an exchange of opinions, but as a process in which statements have to be justified, tested and understood.<\/p>\n\n<p>Applied to decision-making meetings, this means<\/p>\n\n<p>A statement must not simply remain in space. It must be connectable. <\/p>\n\n<p>When someone says:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>&#8220;That&#8217;s a big risk.&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>Then that&#8217;s no longer enough.<\/p>\n\n<p>The appropriate question is:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>&#8220;Where exactly in the model do you locate this risk?&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>Is it a cause?<br\/>A consequence?<br\/>A missing barrier?<br\/>An assumption about system behavior?<br\/>A concern about acceptance, costs or operation?<\/p>\n\n<p>And even more important:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Why?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>This fundamentally changes the quality of the discussion.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">From gut feeling to verifiable argumentation<\/h2>\n\n<p>Before that, a typical contribution might sound like this:<\/p>\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>&#8220;I don&#8217;t think we should release.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n<p>This is understandable, but difficult to work with.<\/p>\n\n<p>After Bowtie and deliberative structure, the same contribution sounds different:<\/p>\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>&#8220;I see a cause in the Bowtie here: the load tests are incomplete. My assumption is that the system becomes unstable under peak load. The consequence would be a loss of production. In my opinion, the current barrier is not sufficient because it has only been tested functionally, but not under real load.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n<p>Now you can work concretely.<\/p>\n\n<p>Is the assumption correct?<br\/>Is there any data on this?<br\/>Is the consequence realistic?<br\/>Is the barrier strong enough?<br\/>What additional measure would reduce the risk?<br\/>What decision would be justifiable under these conditions?<\/p>\n\n<p>The discussion becomes connectable.<\/p>\n\n<p>Not because everyone is suddenly of the same opinion.<br\/>But because everyone uses the same structure.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The decisive effect: convergence instead of circular motion<\/h2>\n\n<p>The interaction is crucial:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Bowtie creates a common understanding of the problem.<\/strong><br\/><strong>Deliberation ensures clean argumentation within this model.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>Without Bowtie, the discussion remains abstract.<br\/>Without deliberation, it remains political.<\/p>\n\n<p>Something else is created together:<\/p>\n\n<p>A space in which decisions can be made at all.<\/p>\n\n<p>Not every uncertainty disappears.<br\/>But uncertainty becomes visible, locatable and workable.<\/p>\n\n<p>That is the difference between a discussion that goes round in circles and a discussion that converges to a decision.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A practical process for real meetings<\/h2>\n\n<p>In practice, this approach is surprisingly unspectacular &#8211; and that is precisely its strength.<\/p>\n\n<p>First, the decision question is specified.<\/p>\n\n<p>Not:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>&#8220;What do we do now?&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>But clearly delineated:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>&#8220;Can we release Release X under the current technical, functional and operational conditions?&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>The team then builds a bowtie model together.<\/p>\n\n<p>What is the key risk?<br\/>What causes can lead to this?<br\/>What would the consequences be?<br\/>What barriers already exist?<br\/>Which ones are missing?<\/p>\n\n<p>This step often only takes a few minutes, but is the most important part of the meeting.<\/p>\n\n<p>This is followed by a discussion &#8211; but no longer free-floating.<\/p>\n\n<p>It must be possible to assign each statement to a cause, a consequence, a barrier or an assumption.<\/p>\n\n<p>The moderator takes on a new role.<\/p>\n\n<p>He not only moderates parts of speech.<br\/>He structures communication.<\/p>\n\n<p>He asks questions when statements remain unclear.<br\/>He forces implicit assumptions to the surface.<br\/>He prevents discussions from falling back into political or purely emotional patterns.<\/p>\n\n<p>The result is no longer a &#8220;perceived&#8221; decision, but a deducible one.<\/p>\n\n<p>A decision based on a common understanding.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why this still fails in many organizations<\/h2>\n\n<p>The bottleneck is rarely the method.<\/p>\n\n<p>The bottleneck is often the organization itself.<\/p>\n\n<p>Because this type of discussion has side effects:<\/p>\n\n<p>Hierarchies lose influence in the short term.<br\/>Uncertainty becomes visible.<br\/>Interests become explicit.<br\/>Technical weaknesses can no longer disappear behind abstract statements.<br\/>Political arguments must be measured against verifiable structures.<\/p>\n\n<p>That is uncomfortable.<\/p>\n\n<p>But it is precisely this discomfort that is necessary to get out of endless loops.<\/p>\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How we help at ONLU: Making deliberation possible in the first place<\/h1>\n\n<p>Up to this point, everything sounds methodical.<\/p>\n\n<p>And this is precisely the error in thinking that we see in many organizations:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>The problem is not just the discussion.<\/strong><br\/><strong>The problem is that there is often nothing to discuss in a meaningful way.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>In theory, deliberative communication needs good arguments.<\/p>\n\n<p>In practice, good arguments need an observable reality.<\/p>\n\n<p>And this is exactly where it often fails.<\/p>\n\n<p>Data does not exist.<br\/>Or it is too expensive to collect.<br\/>Or it is distributed across systems.<br\/>Or it is technically available but cannot be interpreted technically.<br\/>Or it is already so politically framed that no one really trusts it.<\/p>\n\n<p>The result:<\/p>\n\n<p>Meetings become a substitute for the lack of observability.<\/p>\n\n<p>You don&#8217;t discuss because there are so many options.<br\/>You discuss because the system does not provide a clear basis for decision-making.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The real bottleneck: No reality capable of making decisions<\/h2>\n\n<p>When we get into projects, we rarely see &#8220;too few meetings&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n<p>We see something else:<\/p>\n\n<p>Systems without meaningful metrics.<br\/>KPIs that have nothing to do with concrete decisions.<br\/>Logs that do not reflect causality.<br\/>Architectures that hide behavior instead of making it visible.<br\/>Monitoring that shows technical statuses but does not answer business questions.<br\/>Reporting that comes too late to influence decisions.<\/p>\n\n<p>And that is precisely why endless loops are created.<\/p>\n\n<p>Not because people make bad decisions.<br\/>But because the system does not deliver a reality that is capable of making decisions.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Our approach at ONLU: Creating decisiveness &#8211; not optimizing meetings<\/h2>\n\n<p>We don&#8217;t go into organizations and say:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>&#8220;You simply have to moderate better.&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>That would be too short-sighted.<\/p>\n\n<p>We start earlier.<\/p>\n\n<p>We are building the foundation so that deliberative communication can function at all.<\/p>\n\n<p>Because good decisions are not only made through better meetings.<br\/>They are made through systems that make relevant questions visible.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. minimally invasive measurability instead of big data dreams<\/h2>\n\n<p>A common reflex is:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>&#8220;Then we&#8217;ll just build a big data platform.&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>A data warehouse.<br\/>A new analytics layer.<br\/>Centralized reporting.<br\/>A complete observability program.<\/p>\n\n<p>That sounds professional, but it often is:<\/p>\n\n<p>too slow,<br\/>too expensive,<br\/>too generic,<br\/>and ultimately not relevant for decision-making.<\/p>\n\n<p>Our approach is more pragmatic:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Which one metric really decides this specific question?<\/strong><br\/><strong>Where in the system does it already arise anyway?<\/strong><br\/><strong>How can we make them minimally visible?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>Small technical interventions are often enough:<\/p>\n\n<p>an additional counter,<br\/>a structured event,<br\/>a clearer log,<br\/>a status message,<br\/>a technical limit value,<br\/>a technically interpretable key figure.<\/p>\n\n<p>No months-long platform projects.<br\/>No big data illusion.<\/p>\n\n<p>But targeted visibility exactly where decisions are made.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. operationalize Bowtie: Making risks measurable<\/h2>\n\n<p>A Bowtie Analysis is only valuable if it doesn&#8217;t end in a PowerPoint.<\/p>\n\n<p>We help to anchor the elements technically.<\/p>\n\n<p>Causes become visible as measurable events or states.<br\/>Consequences become observable as KPIs or system behavior.<br\/>Barriers are implemented as concrete technical mechanisms.<\/p>\n\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n\n<p>Feature toggles.<br\/>Limits.<br\/>Rollback strategies.<br\/>Monitoring rules.<br\/>Alerting.<br\/>Validations.<br\/>Automated tests.<br\/>Staggered rollouts.<br\/>Process controls.<\/p>\n\n<p>This becomes:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>&#8220;That could be a risk.&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>a verifiable system:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>&#8220;If event X happens and barrier Y is missing, we see effect Z.&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>This is the moment when a discussion tips over.<\/p>\n\n<p>From opinion to verifiable reality.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. build architecture in such a way that it answers questions<\/h2>\n\n<p>Most architectures do not answer any questions.<br\/>They only execute code.<\/p>\n\n<p>That&#8217;s enough for operations, but not for good decisions.<\/p>\n\n<p>We deliberately turn this around:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Good architecture must be capable of making decisions.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>This means:<\/p>\n\n<p>Services provide targeted, decision-relevant information.<br\/>Events map business processes in a comprehensible way.<br\/>KPIs are created along real usage &#8211; not retrospectively in reporting.<br\/>Technical statuses are linked to functional effects.<br\/>Interfaces show not just data, but context.<\/p>\n\n<p>The goal is not observability as a buzzword.<\/p>\n\n<p>The goal is more concrete:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>An architecture that can be argued.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>An architecture in which you not only see that something is happening, but also understand why it is happening, what it means and what decision can be derived from it.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. shorten feedback loops without infrastructure overkill<\/h2>\n\n<p>Another problem:<\/p>\n\n<p>Even if data exists, it often arrives too late.<\/p>\n\n<p>Three weeks later in reporting.<br\/>After the next Steering Committee.<br\/>After the next escalation.<br\/>After the next incident.<\/p>\n\n<p>Then they are interesting, but no longer effective in making decisions.<\/p>\n\n<p>That&#8217;s why we rely on short, direct feedback loops:<\/p>\n\n<p>small releases instead of large big-bang deployments,<br\/>targeted experiments instead of broad rollouts,<br\/>rapid feedback from the system instead of delayed reports,<br\/>technical guard rails instead of purely manual approvals.<\/p>\n\n<p>The important thing is:<\/p>\n\n<p>Do not scale to the maximum.<br\/>Instead, become minimally capable of making decisions.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. depoliticize communication through visibility<\/h2>\n\n<p>Perhaps the greatest effect is not a technical one, but a cultural one.<\/p>\n\n<p>When systems become more transparent, communication changes.<\/p>\n\n<p>Opinions lose weight.<br\/>Arguments gain clarity.<br\/>Assumptions become verifiable.<br\/>Risks become localizable.<br\/>Decisions become comprehensible.<\/p>\n\n<p>This drastically reduces political discussions.<\/p>\n\n<p>Not because politics is banned.<br\/>But because it has less of a target.<\/p>\n\n<p>If a system shows what is happening, there is less need for speculation.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What this changes in concrete terms<\/h2>\n\n<p>If this approach is pursued consistently, the role of meetings will change.<\/p>\n\n<p>Meetings are no longer held to generate clarity.<br\/>They are held to derive decisions based on existing clarity.<\/p>\n\n<p>The dynamic is changing:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Before:<\/strong><br\/>Discussion generates supposed knowledge.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>After:<\/strong><br\/>Insight forces you to make a decision.<\/p>\n\n<p>That is a fundamental difference.<\/p>\n\n<p>Because an organization that can observe its reality has to guess less.<br\/>And an organization that has to guess less can make better decisions.<\/p>\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion: Deliberation needs reality<\/h1>\n\n<p>The combination of Bowtie Analysis and J\u00fcrgen Habermas provides a strong methodological basis:<\/p>\n\n<p>A common model.<br\/>A clean way of discussing.<br\/>A structure in which arguments can be checked.<br\/>A basis for getting out of endless loops.<\/p>\n\n<p>But without a technical basis, this remains theory.<\/p>\n\n<p>Our experience at ONLU is clear:<\/p>\n\n<p>The real problem is not that there is too little data.<br\/>But that the right data is missing in the right place at the right time.<\/p>\n\n<p>That&#8217;s why our focus is not on making meetings look better.<\/p>\n\n<p>Our focus is:<\/p>\n\n<p>Building systems so that meetings make sense again.<\/p>\n\n<p>Or even more directly:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>No deliberative communication without observable reality.<\/strong><br\/><strong>No viable decisions without deliberative communication.<\/strong><br\/><strong>And without viable decisions, no effective organization.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How to break the deadlock in decision-making meetings &#8211; with J\u00fcrgen Habermas, Bowtie Analysis and decision-capable system architecture<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":5591,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7320","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nicht-kategorisiert"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Deliberation instead of an endless loop - ONLU AG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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